Norway's history includes a long period of settlement, the Viking Age, and a series of unions and independence struggles:
Settlement
People began settling in Norway around 9000 BC, after the end of the first ice age.
Viking Age
From 800–1050 AD, Vikings raided other countries and were known for their craftsmanship, trading, and administration.
Unions with Denmark and Sweden
In 1380, Norway and Denmark were united under a single monarch, but Norway was subordinate to Denmark. In 1814, Norway was transferred from Danish to Swedish rule after the Napoleonic Wars. Norway kept its own constitution and national assembly, but was forced to join a union with Sweden.
Independence
In 1905, Norway became an independent country after a referendum granted it independence from Sweden. Norway chose Prince Charles of Denmark as its king, who became Haakon VII and ruled until 1957.
World Wars
Norway remained neutral during World War I, but Germany invaded Norway in 1940 and occupied the country until the end of the war.
Economic prosperity
In the late 1960s, Norway discovered oil and gas in adjacent waters, which boosted its economy. By 2017, Norway had the world's largest sovereign wealth fund.
Settlement
People began settling in Norway around 9000 BC, after the end of the first ice age.
Viking Age
From 800–1050 AD, Vikings raided other countries and were known for their craftsmanship, trading, and administration.
Unions with Denmark and Sweden
In 1380, Norway and Denmark were united under a single monarch, but Norway was subordinate to Denmark. In 1814, Norway was transferred from Danish to Swedish rule after the Napoleonic Wars. Norway kept its own constitution and national assembly, but was forced to join a union with Sweden.
Independence
In 1905, Norway became an independent country after a referendum granted it independence from Sweden. Norway chose Prince Charles of Denmark as its king, who became Haakon VII and ruled until 1957.
World Wars
Norway remained neutral during World War I, but Germany invaded Norway in 1940 and occupied the country until the end of the war.
Economic prosperity
In the late 1960s, Norway discovered oil and gas in adjacent waters, which boosted its economy. By 2017, Norway had the world's largest sovereign wealth fund.
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